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Sir Perceval of Galles ：ウィキペディア英語版

Sir Perceval of Galles

''Sir Perceval of Galles'' is a Middle English Arthurian verse romance whose protagonist, Sir Perceval, made his debut in medieval literature well over a hundred years before the composition of this work; in Chrétien de Troyes' final poem, the twelfth-century Old French ''Conte del Graal''. ''Sir Perceval of Galles'' was probably written in the northeast Midlands of England, in the early-fourteenth century,〔Brewer, Derek. 1983. ''English Gothic Literature''. Schocken Books, New York. p 87.〕〔Braswell, Mary Flowers. 1995. ''Sir Perceval of Galles and Yvain and Gawain''. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS.〕 and tells a markedly different story to either Chretien's tale or to Robert de Boron's early-thirteenth century ''Perceval''.〔Bryant, Nigel (translator). 2001. ''Merlin and the Grail''. D S Brewer.〕 Entertaining, appealing and told with a comic liveliness, it omits any mention of a graal or a Grail.〔Lupack, Alan, 2005, reprinted in paperback, 2007. ''Oxford Guide to Arthurian Literature and Legend''. Oxford University Press.〕
Beginning in a similar vein to Chretien's story of a boy brought up in the forest by his mother, coming naively to King Arthur's court looking to be knighted and then wandering off again into the forest, wearing the armour of a red knight whom he has just killed with a hunting spear, the two stories then diverge. In the Middle English ''Sir Perceval of Galles'', the hero finds no mysterious castle of a Fisher King.〔Braswell, Mary Flowers. 1995. ''Sir Perceval of Galles and Yvain and Gawain''. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS.〕 Instead, he travels to a ''Land of Maidens'', defeats an entire army single-handedly and discovers near the end of the tale that, since an incident in a lady's tent when he first approached King Arthur's court, he has been wearing a magic ring that has made him incapable of being killed.
Near the beginning of this poem, the reader is informed that: "() dranke water of the welle,"〔Braswell, Mary Flowers. 1995. ''Sir Perceval of Galles and Yvain and Gawain''. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS. ''Sir Perceval of Galles''. line 7. (TEAMS Middle English text of ''Sir Perceval of Galles''. )〕 and this tale, or at least this style of romance, was later parodied by Geoffrey Chaucer in his late-fourteenth century Canterbury tale about Sir Thopas,〔Brewer, Derek. 1983. ''History of Literature Series: English Gothic Literature''. Schocken Books, p 87, p 123.〕 in which the knight Sir Thopas: "Him-self drank water of the wel, as did the knight Sir Percivel."〔Skeat, Walter W., edited from numerous manuscripts by, 1912. ''Chaucer: Complete Works''. Oxford University Press. ''Sir Thopas'', lines 204 and 205 in Chaucer's poem.〕
==Unique manuscript copy==
The story of ''Sir Perceval of Galles'' is found in a single manuscript of the fifteenth century: Lincoln Cathedral MS 91, the Lincoln Thornton Manuscript, which dates to around 1440.〔Braswell, Mary Flowers. 1995.〕 There are no known printed versions prior to nineteenth and twentieth century transcriptions of this unique manuscript text. The story is told in 2,288 lines, arranged in sixteen-line stanzas rhyming ''aaabcccbdddbeeeb'', and was probably composed in the northeast Midlands of England, although the entire Thornton Manuscript is influenced by the North Yorkshire dialect of its copyist, the manor lord and amateur scribe Robert Thornton.〔Braswell, Mary Flowers. 1995.〕 The poem itself probably dates to the early fourteenth century.

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